To Know
the Mystery of God
Col
2:1-3 I want you to know how much I am
struggling for you and for those at Laodicea, and for all who have not
met me personally. My purpose is that they may be encouraged in heart
and united in love, so that they may have the full riches of complete
understanding, in order that they may know the mystery of God, namely,
Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
Naturally people are encouraged when they recognize others are laboring
for them out of love, though there be few examples which reflect Paul's
love today. Isn't that the identifying mark of agape love, to deny
oneself on behalf of others, even strangers, laboring for their benefit
without regards to oneself? Could Christians even mature without such a
role model in place? We get discouraged largely when we are
not loved. We divide largely because we are not loved. You
would think divisiveness in the Christian community would largely
disappear if love were practiced, in which case there would be a more
open understanding of each other, and differences of opinion would not
carry as much weight in relationships, though in such cases there may
also be a clearer distinction between the wheat and the weeds among the
Christian community as well.
It's is unfortunate what happened to Laodicea to whom Christ
characterized saying,
"I know
your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either
one or the other! So, because you are lukewarm— neither hot nor cold— I
am about to spit you out of my mouth." Rev 3:15,16 But the fact is,
frequently in less than a generation, churches can die. And if one
generation does well, there's no guaratee such will be the case with
the next generation. In fact in the books of judges and kings we find
spiritual zeal often alternates from generation to generation. Now in
particular in the case of the Laodiceans the Lord points out their
materialism saying,
'You say, ‘I
am rich; I have acquired
wealth and do not need a thing.’ Rev 3:17 In contrast here, and
elsewhere in Paul's letters, Paul is primarily concerned about
imparting a spiritual gift, namely that they may get to know Christ
fully, which again is also reflected in the Lord's plea to the
Laodiceans.
"Here I am! I stand
at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I
will come in and eat with him, and he with me." Rev 3:20
Eternal life is all about know Jesus Christ. A person receives eternal
life by believing in Him, and the Christian grows spiritual by getting
to know Him better. Jesus Himself, in His prayer to His Father said,
"Now this is eternal life: that they
may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent."
John 17:3 Therefore let
us value the riches of the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ above
other matters - certainly above material concerns.
Have
a
Firm,
Organized
Faith
Col 2:4,5 I tell you this so that no one may
deceive you by fine-sounding arguments. For though I am absent from you
in body, I am present with you in spirit and delight to see how orderly
you are and how firm your faith in Christ is.
There were those who were trying to lead the Christians at Colossea
astray, and in particular we will find the gist of the argument had to
do with the centrality of Christ versus that of following regulations,
as for example in verse 23 he speaks of
"Such regulations". Likely it
was the same cult of the circumcision he spoke of in Galatians as
Colossae was located in Galatia, of which we know a great deal about
both from Galatias and the book of Acts and some other places which
I'll make reference to as we study this chapter.
Fine-sounding arguments are not the measure of truth. And if an idea
makes you feel good, that does not make it correct. In Romans Paul
warns of some who
"By smooth talk
and flattery they deceive the minds of naive people." Rom 16:18 Don't be naive. Compare
every idea against a comprehensive study of scripture.
About being absent in body, one does not have to be physically present
to effectively minister to a person. Indeed the apostle Paul himself
has been dead for thousands of years and yet most Christians can still
testify today of the positive impact he has made on their lives. And
likewise with regards to others who wrote the New Testament. Jesus
Himself is not physically present with us today. For we await His
return. But He left us His Spirit. So also Paul here speaks of being
present with them in spirit. But on the other hand if we are only there
in spirit, our relationship, our knowledge of how others are actually
doing, is limited. And so Paul desires to see them to see how they are
doing, as also he commonly expresses in many of his letters.
But what is the measure of how other Christians are doing? Here Paul
speaks of their orderliness and the firmness of their faith. Discipline
and steadfastness are measures of a healthy faith. How disciplined are
you in your faith? How steadfast? Or how disorganized?
"Everything should be done in a fitting
and orderly way." 1Cor 14:40
As
Received, So Walk
Col 2:6,7 So then, just as you received Christ
Jesus as Lord, continue to live in him, rooted and built up in him,
strengthened in the faith as you were taught, and overflowing with
thankfulness.
The manner in which a person first receives Christ is often reflected
in the manner in which they end up living the Christian life. It's
important to understand that we are to receive Him by faith alone,
trusting in His grace, apart from our own deeds. For
"when a man works, his wages are not
credited to him as a gift, but as an obligation. However, to the man
who does not work but trusts God who justifies the wicked, his faith is
credited as righteousness. David says the same thing when he speaks of
the blessedness of the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from
works: 'Blessed are they whose
transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered. Blessed is the man
whose sin the Lord will never count against him.'" Rom 4:4-8 However, having been saved
and guaranteed eternal life, we are saved unto good works.
"For it is by grace you have been
saved, through faith— and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of
God— not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God’s
workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God
prepared in advance for us to do." Eph 2:8-10 Not only so, but we are
born again and given the Holy Spirit which cause an inevitable change
in our behavior such that it may be said,
"No one who is born of God will
continue to sin, because God’s seed remains in him; he cannot go on
sinning, because he has been born of God." 1John 3:9 And further, not only is
right behavior a function of our new nature, but also when we receive
Christ, we receive Him as LORD, basically pledging allegiance to Him
with the intention of doing what He says, realizing we're entering into
a kingdom, not a democracy.
"And
He died for
all, that those who live should no longer live for themselves but for
Him who died for them and was raised again." 2Cor 5:15
Now I said all that to clarify what it really means to receive Christ.
For we mature in Christ in the same manner in which we first received
Him. The point Paul is going to elaborate upon is the idea that we
mature in Christ not by relying upon our own deeds. It's not by
technique or ritual that we mature in Christ.
(As such I take issue with Sacramental
Theologies) But rather we rely upon his grace to mature us. For
example by his grace He gives us spiritual gifts which we then apply,
ministering by the Spirit of God. He transforms our thinking, our
attitudes which lead to a changed behavior and fruitfulness.
In contrast, to the Galatians Paul writes,
"This only I want to learn from you:
Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing
of faith? Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now
being made perfect by the flesh?" Gal 3:2,3 This is the issue at hand.
Speaking of being rooted, his allusion is to a plant, or a tree. For to
grow we must first be
rooted, and if we are endure we are to be deeply rooted. Recall the
parable of the sower of Mat 13. Those not deeply rooted and so died
were those who respond quickly to the message with joy, but have not
considered the implications of the faith, and so fall away when
troubles comes due to the word. Our roots in the faith reflect the
strength of our convictions. In
Eph
3:16-19 Paul prays
that He
would grant you, according to
the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with might through His Spirit in
the inner man, that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; that
you, being rooted
and
grounded
in
love, may be able to comprehend with all the
saints what is the width and length and depth and height—— to
know the love of Christ which passes knowledge; that you may be filled
with all the fullness of God.
And just as entering into the faith should result in thanksgiving,
given the guarantee of eternal life given to us and in view of all the
other benefits we receive in God's salvation package, so also our
thankfulness to God reflects the degree of the depth of our
convictions. But not only with regards to our salvation, but also our
laboring in the Lord will result in thanksgiving as we see God at work
in our lives and in the lives of our brethren in Christ, as is
characteristic of many of Paul's prayers.
Captive
to Deviant Philosophies
Col 2:8-10 See to it that no one takes you captive
through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human
tradition and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ.
For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form, and
you have been given fullness in Christ, who is the head over every
power and authority.
Again, the deceptive philosophy Paul is referring to is that promoted
by the Judaizers who are trying to take Christians captive to human
regulations. In referring to these heretics Paul elsewhere says,
"some false brothers had infiltrated
our ranks to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us
slaves." Gal 2:4 By
the "basic principles of the world", which is the Greek word
"stoicheion", he's referring to regulations as we see in this chapter
from verses 20,
"if you died with
Christ from the basic
principles of the world, why, as though living in the world, do
you subject yourselves to regulations"
What was happening in the church due to the influence of the false
teachers was that the Christians were getting distracted from Christ
and
obsessing over regulations - not uncommon among Christians today as
well. Jesus later warned of the church at Ephesus saying,
"know your deeds, your hard work and
your perseverance. I know that you cannot tolerate wicked men, that you
have tested those who claim to be apostles but are not, and have found
them false. You have persevered and have endured hardships for my name,
and have not grown weary. Yet I hold this against you: You have
forsaken your first love.I hold this against you: You have
forsaken your first love." Rev
2:2-4 Churches can get so caught up in their programs and in
their regulations that they lose focus on Christ, who is the LORD God
in the flesh. The sanctification of the believer is not simply a matter
of living up to certain regulations, but rather having Christ live in
you. Christ provides both the example and gives the power to live the
Christian life.
There are abundant warnings about not being misled by those who are
merely wolves in sheep clothing. Paul warns the Corinthians of those
trying to lead them astray,
"For
such men are false apostles, deceitful workmen, masquerading as
apostles of Christ." 2Cor 11:13 And this was
also the case here. But even those who preach Christ or are legitimate
church leaders can be a distraction if Christians follow them as if
celebrities. Such leaders may end up overshadowing Christ with their
celebrity status. Such has been the case for
many a Christian leader though the ages, so don't be taken in. Thus
John the Baptist said,
"He must
become greater; I must become less." John 3:30
Spiritual
Circumcision
Col 2:11,12 In him you were also circumcised, in
the putting off of the sinful nature, not with a circumcision done by
the hands of men but with the circumcision done by Christ, having been
buried with him in baptism and raised with him through your faith in
the power of God, who raised him from the dead.
Ironically many of a legalistic denomination would view this verse as
teaching baptismal regeneration, which is just the opposite of the kind
of thing he's trying to say in this chapter. Baptismal regeneration is
an example of a sacramental theology - the idea that a ritual,
something you do to your flesh, confers grace. Is the "circumcision"
here referring to one's physical flesh? When a man believes in Christ,
is it saying that the foreskin of his penis suddenly magically fall
off? Obviously not. So why would one think this verse is referring to
water baptism?
This is not referring to water baptism, but baptism with the Holy
Spirit, which is the receiving of the Holy Spirit guaranteed to
believers. Jesus said,
"For John
truly baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy
Spirit not many days from now." Acts
1:5 Being baptized with water is not the same as being baptized
with the Holy Spirit. Remember Cornelius in Acts 10. In
Acts 10:47, before he was water
baptized he had
"received the
Holy Spirit". In
Acts 11:16
Peter says that at that point Cornelius had been
"baptized with the Holy Spirit."
So we see from these two verse that the receiving of the Holy Spirit is
the same as the baptism with the Holy Spirit. Indeed Paul
declares,
"We were all
baptized by one Spirit into one body" 1Cor 12:13 Contrary to what
Charismatic theology would have us believe, baptism with the Holy
Spirit is not for an elite few. Rather, everyone who is a believer in
Christ has been baptized with the Holy Spirit, which is to say, every
believer has received the Holy Spirit.
"And if anyone does not have the
Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Christ." Rom 8:9b
Physical circumcision and water baptism are allusions, mere shadows of
what they represent. In the Old Testament God said,
"Circumcise your hearts" Deut 10:16 Obviously he wasn't
referring to physically circumcising your heart. Nor were we physically
buried with Christ. Nor physically raised with Christ, though there is
a physical resurrection to come. But here he speaks of something which
has already taken place. Jesus said,
"Whoever hears my word and believes him
who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned; he has crossed
over from death to life." John 5:24 And likewise it says in
Eph 2:6 "God raised us up with Christ and
seated us with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus"
But what is the reality behind all these saying? Or is he simply
speaking of a change of our status? No. One thing he's alluding to is
regeneration. Even in the Old Testament it says,
"The LORD your God will circumcise your
hearts and the hearts of your descendants, so that you may love him
with all your heart and with all your soul, and live." Deut 30:6 Here's a spiritual
circumcision that is done without hands by Christ. And what is the
effect? It impacts our love for Him. The regeneration - being born of
God - affects our attitude such that we serve Him in newness of life.
"Now we have been delivered from the
law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in
the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter."
Rom 7:6 and
"Therefore we were buried with Him
through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the
dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness
of life." Rom 6:4
Regulations
Cancelled
Col 2:13,14 When you were dead in your sins and in
the uncircumcision of your sinful nature, God made you alive with
Christ. He forgave us all our sins, having canceled the written code,
with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us;
he took it away, nailing it to the cross.
Likewise Paul said to the Christians in Ephesus,
"As for you, you were dead in your
transgressions and sins in which you used to live when you followed the
ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the
spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. All of us also
lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our sinful
nature and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were
by nature objects of wrath." Eph
2:1-3
What does Paul mean that we were dead? Some would argue that he meant
dead in that such people are incapable of doing good in so much as dead
people are incapable of doing anything. Well if they are incapable of
doing good, then neither are they capable of doing evil, and yet
clearly Paul does speak of their evil behavior. So he is not talking
merely about a person's spiritual status, but rather he is also
speaking with regards to the behavior of the unregenerate.
A sinful lifestyle if characteristic of the unregenerate. But for those
born of God it is written,
"No one
who is born of God will continue to sin, because God’s seed remains in
him; he cannot go on sinning, because he has been born of God." 1John 3:9 This is the spiritual
circumcision that we receive upon regeneration. For the uncircumcised
of heart it is unnatural to live a righteous life. But under the New
Covenant it is promised,
"I will
give them one heart, and one way, that they may fear
me for ever, for the good of them, and of their children after them:
And
I will make an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn
away
from them, to do them good; but I will put my fear in their hearts,
that
they shall not depart from me." Jer 32:39,40 Or more
comprehensively it's written in
Heb
10:16,17 "This is the
covenant that I will make with them after those days,
saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their
minds
will I write them; And their sins and iniquities will I remember no
more." Heb
10:16,17
Note these two elements of the New Covenant. One is the forgiveness of
sins. The other is regeneration, which leads to a a change of behavior.
Again, as I mentioned previously, this second element is important to
grasp in avoiding the pitfalls of legalism in that the Christian life
is not a function of compliance to regulations, but rather is walking
in the Spirit - the underlying principles themselves being the guiding
principle in living the Christian life. And with regards to the first
element - the forgiveness of sins - it's important to understand that
such is not contingent upon compliance to regulations. Through the
cross Christ removed such requirements. He took them away - nailing
them to the cross. Therefore do not become enslaved to regulations and
do not be led astray by those who would make salvation or Christian
living a function of regulations. Salvation is by faith, and the
Christian life is lived by faith, walking in the Spirit in accordance
with the regenerate nature we have received, which is naturally
inclined to doing what is right and good.
Authorities
Disarmed
Col 2:15 And having disarmed the powers and
authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them
by the cross.
The power of authority figures is in the rules and regulations they
impose on others. Through the cross Jesus dismantled the necessity for
rules and regulations, thus disarming authority figures. With regards
to salvation, through the cross a person's salvation status is not
contingent upon compliance to a set of rules and regulations, but
rather one's righteous standing with God is based solely on the
finished work of Christ, though there are denominations such as
Catholicism which deny this fact. Catholicism is a good example of
institution authority which refuses to be disarmed. Rather they
effectively replace the scriptures with their own dogma and impose all
kinds of rules and regulations upon their constituents so as to
maintain their hold over them, while they refuse to be scrutinized. But
degrees of such corruption might be find among many non-Catholic
institutional authorities as well. In Jesus' day it was the
institutionally religious elite who sought to put him to death. And
historically both in secular and religious circles there seems to be a
general correlation between pride, with the corruption it brings, and
positions of institutional authority, whether it be that the position
of authority invokes pride, or that the proud are simply attracted to
positions of authority, this correlation seems a part of human nature,
which should NOT be characteristic of Christians.
Now as I alluded to in verse 6, this principle of the disregarding of
regulations is not only with regards to salvation but also is with
regards to sanctification. For regulations are for the purpose of
making people do the right thing. But under the New Covenant, those who
have been born of God will naturally do the right thing, as I mentioned
previously with regards to
1John 3:9.
In fact that verse goes on to say that doing the right thing is
characteristic of those born of God. For
"anyone who
does not do what is right is not a child of God; nor is anyone who does
not love his brother." 1John
3:10 If a Christians is walking in the Spirit - which is to say,
living in accordance with the regenerate nature - there is no need for
rules and regulations.
"Law is made not
for the righteous but for lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly
and sinful, the unholy and irreligious; for those who kill their
fathers or mothers, for murderers, for adulterers and perverts, for slave
traders and liars and perjurers— and for whatever else is contrary to
the sound doctrine." 1Tim
1:9-10
And again, this disarms authorities. Much as institutional authority
would like to lord over the flock by imposing all kinds of rules and
regulations allegedly for their benefit, Peter writes such people,
"Be shepherds of God’s flock that is
under your care, serving as overseers— not because you must, but
because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not greedy for money,
but eager to serve; not lording
it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock."
1Peter 5:2,3
And as a final observation you will find that non-Christian cultures
around the world
require there be strong authority ruling over the populace though the
implementation of a broad range of rules and regulations. For where
people don't love their neighbor, strong authority figures and more
oppressive or restrictive forms of government are called for. But for
the Christian, under the Lordship of Christ, there is a freedom which
many in the world, many in various religions have not experienced. Thus
Western Civilization can largely attribute the freedom they experience
due to the Christian origins of the foundation of their culture.
Judging
Compliance to Regulations
Col 2:16 Therefore do not let anyone judge you
by what you eat
or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon
celebration or a Sabbath day.
Many a denomination along with individual Christians violate this
principle in judging other Christians based upon, for example, what day
of the week the go to church. In fact 7th Day Adventists view church
attendance on Sunday rather than Saturday as the mark of the beast
mentioned Revelation. Catholicism views it as a sin not to attend their
institution on Sunday, and a sin not to eat and drink of their
communion once a week as Catholics. But Paul writes,
"One man considers one day more sacred
than another; another man considers every day alike. Each one should be
fully convinced in his own mind." Rom 14:5
Likewise various Protestant
denominations divide over issues of ceremony, including those who make
salvation itself contingent upon water baptism, or particular types of
water baptism. (In fact back in the 1500's Christians would murder
fellow Christians over matters of baptism. That is, Christians who
believe in infant baptism would murder those who don't believe in
infant baptisms. It's like Presbyterians murdering Baptists.) But all
such thinking is contrary to the very principle Paul has been teaching
up to this point. Paul writes that
"the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of
righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit" Rom 14:17 The kingdom of God is not
a matter of the observance of ceremonies. So don't judge other
Christians based upon the ceremonial ways in which they've chosen to
worship and serve the Lord.
It's interesting how he phrased verse 16. For it doesn't phrase it "do
not judge anyone else", but rather "do not let anyone judge you". Here
these Christians were viewed as the victims of criticism by legalists.
So not only are we not to judge others with regards to ceremonial
matters, we are also commanded to stop others from judging us with
regards to such matters.
Regulations
Mere Shadows
Col 2:17 These are a shadow of the things that
were to come; the
reality, however, is found in Christ.
Sacramental theology is that which confuses the shadows with the
reality. Shadows have some relevance, but they are not the reality.
Heb 10:1a "The law is only a shadow of the good
things that are coming— not the realities themselves." So also
human law is a shadow of human virtue, but not the reality of human
virtue. Law does not create a better person nor make a person better,
but only diagnoses a person's condition. Thus it says,
"no one will be declared righteous in
his sight by observing the law; rather, through the law we become
conscious of sin." Rom 3:20
For the Christian the reality lies not in law, not in mere compliance
to a set of rules and regulations, but rather in having Christ live in
us. Paul speaks to Peter saying,
"Through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God. I have
been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in
me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who
loved me and gave himself for me. I do not set aside the grace of God,
for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for
nothing!" Gal 2:19-21
Visions
of Angels
Col 2:18 Do not let anyone who delights in
false humility and the worship of angels disqualify you for the prize.
Such a person goes into great detail about what he has seen, and his
unspiritual mind puffs him up with idle notions.
Some in charismatic community are easily led astry on this point.
For while the Bible says, "we
walk by faith, not by sight" 2Cor 5:7, yet
seemingly
in a desperate attempt to substantiate their faith, some "go into
great
detail about what they have seen, and their unspiritual minds puffs
themselves
up with idle notions." Some will treat their own dreams as
prophecy,
but God says, "The prophet
that hath a dream, let him tell a dream; and he that
hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the chaff to
the
wheat? saith the LORD." Jer
23:28 So stick with the Bible. Everything else is straw.
Also there are those, who having no scriptural basis to promote their
idle
notions, falsely claim to have visions of angels and pretend
piety, so as to convince the naive. Again, much of this goes on in
Catholicism. People go into great detail of how they saw a vision of
Mary in a piece of toast, or in a window pain, or claim that a statue
of Mary shed tears or some such foolishness. And multitudes of the
naive people fall prey to that kind of thing. Likewise with regards to
the
origins of Mormonism with its claim of visions of the angel Moroni,
(just remove the "i" to view Smith's
intended victims) As Peter said,
"In their greed these teachers will
exploit you with stories they have made up. Their condemnation has long
been hanging over them, and their destruction has not been sleeping." 2Peter
2:3 And just like the Pharisees and chief priests of Jesus day,
such people have a outward appearance of piety, but inward are ravenous
wolves, trying to disqualify you for the prize.
Paul advises Timothy,
"Do your
best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not
need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth. Avoid
godless chatter, because those who indulge in it will become more and
more ungodly. Their teaching will spread like gangrene. Among them are
Hymenaeus and Philetus, who have wandered away from the truth. They say
that the resurrection has already taken place, and they destroy the
faith of some." 2Tim 2:15-18
Don't fall victim to the birds.
Getting
a Head in Life
Col 2:19 He
has
lost connection with the Head, from whom the whole body, supported
and held together by its ligaments and sinews, grows as God causes it
to grow.
This and previous verses parallel Paul's letter to the Ephesians in
which he speaks of spiritually maturing through the mutual cooperation
of the body,
"until we all reach
unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God and become
mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ. Then
we will no longer be infants, tossed back and forth by the waves, and
blown here and there by every wind of teaching and by the cunning and
craftiness of men in their deceitful scheming. Instead, speaking the
truth in love, we will in all things grow up into him who is the Head,
that is, Christ. From him the whole body, joined and held together by
every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each
part does its work." Eph 4:13-16
Growing as a Christian is not purely passive thing. It takes work. It
takes cooperation both with God and with our fellow believers. But if
we do our part, God will do his part.
"I planted the seed, Apollos watered
it, but God made it grow." 1Cor
3:6 and Jesus said,
"This is what the kingdom of God is like. A man scatters seed on the
ground. Night and day, whether he sleeps or gets up, the seed sprouts
and grows, though he does not know how. All by itself the soil produces
grain— first the stalk, then the head, then the full kernel in the
head." Mk 4:26-28 (By
the way, note this last phrase and compare with
Eph 4:16 We will in all
things grow up into him who is the Head, that is, Christ)
The immature can get caught up in all kinds of strange doctrines. But
Christ is the Head. Becoming Christlike is a sign of maturity.
Dead
to Regulations